Lagophthalmos

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Lagophthalmos

What is Lagophthalmos?

Lagophthalmos refers to the inability to completely close the eyelids, leaving a space between the upper and lower eyelids. This gap exposes the ocular surface, leading to dryness and other complications that can threaten the integrity of the eye and affect the quality of vision.

What Causes It?

Lagophthalmos can occur due to several factors:

  • Paralytic: Caused by damage to the facial nerve, which is responsible for transmitting signals to the orbicularis muscle that closes the eyelids. Conditions such as facial paralysis, tumors, trauma, or cerebrovascular disease can damage the facial nerve, preventing the eyelids from closing properly.

  • Mechanical: Occurs when the facial nerve and muscles function normally, but an external factor hinders eyelid closure. This can include scars on the eyelids or conjunctiva, eyelid retraction, exophthalmos (proptosis), or eyelid laxity.

How Can It Be Prevented?

In most cases, lagophthalmos cannot be prevented, except in situations where it is caused by eyelid retraction following blepharoplasty surgery or other surgical scars. Early detection is essential to assess whether it poses a risk to vision or the eye, and to decide on the appropriate treatment.

Symptoms

Lagophthalmos can lead to a variety of symptoms due to the exposure and drying of the ocular surface, including:

  • Foreign body sensation (feeling like something is in the eye)
  • Tearing (excessive watering of the eye)
  • Blurred vision
  • Eye irritation

Associated Treatments

Treatment for lagophthalmos depends on the severity and symptoms:

  • Mild cases: If there are minimal symptoms, treatment typically involves lubricating eye drops to keep the ocular surface moist and prevent dryness.

  • Severe cases: For more serious symptoms, surgical options may be considered, depending on the degree of eyelid exposure and the functionality of the orbicularis muscle. Possible surgical treatments include orbital volume restoration surgery or procedures to improve eyelid closure.

Conclusion

Lagophthalmos can cause significant discomfort and potential damage to the eye if left untreated. Early detection and proper management, ranging from lubricating therapy to surgical correction, are crucial for maintaining eye health and vision quality.