Keratitis

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Keratitis

What is keratitis?

Keratitis is an inflammation that affects the cornea, which is the most anterior and transparent structure of the eyeball.

  • If it only affects the most anterior part of the cornea (the epithelium), it is called superficial keratitis. This is the most common form and usually resolves without after-effects.
  • If it affects deeper layers of the cornea, it is called ulcerative keratitis. This form is less common but can be serious. It may cause scarring (leukoma) on the cornea, which, if centrally located, can compromise vision.

What causes keratitis?

Keratitis can be caused by various factors. The most common causes include:

  • Dry eye: Dry eye can cause corneal lesions, which are usually superficial and affect the middle and lower parts of the cornea. In severe cases, it can cause significant damage.
  • Viral infections: The most common viral cause is herpetic keratitis. This type is severe, occurring in outbreaks, and can leave residual scarring (leukomas) on the cornea. Early diagnosis and antiviral treatment are essential.
  • Bacterial infections: This includes fungal, amoebic, or parasitic infections. Often caused by prior erosion that becomes infected, and contact lens wearers are particularly at risk. These infections are always serious and require prompt treatment with fortified antibiotic eye drops.
  • Other causes:
    • Toxic substances: Such as caustic burns or irritants that come into contact with the eye.
    • Allergies: Can cause keratitis.
    • Exposure keratitis: Caused by abnormal closure of the eyelids, ranging from mild to severe.

How can keratitis be prevented?

  • Dry eye: Use artificial tears to relieve symptoms.
  • Sunlight exposure: Wear sunglasses to protect the eyes.
  • Trauma: See an ophthalmologist if you sustain an eye injury.
  • Contact lens hygiene: Ensure meticulous hygiene when cleaning and wearing contact lenses.

However, in many cases, there are no clear preventive guidelines. It is important to seek medical attention from an ophthalmologist if any symptoms of keratitis arise. Prompt treatment improves the prognosis.

Symptoms

Keratitis causes the following symptoms:

  • Pain
  • Tearing
  • Intense photophobia (light intolerance)
  • A decrease in visual acuity, depending on the area affected.

Treatments

Treatment for keratitis is typically medical. However, in severe cases, surgery may be required to address corneal damage or scarring.